When heartburn or regurgitation of acid occurs more than twice a week, it is classified as GERD (Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease). Symptoms include; painful or difficulty swallowing, increased phlegm (sputum), heartburn, frequent belching, chronic coughing, sore throat, asthma, hoarseness, non-cardiac chest pain, and trouble sleeping. The two types of GERD are erosive esophagitis (when the esophagus is damaged) and non-erosive esophagitis.

GERD is caused by a weak valve between the esophagus and stomach or, in some cases, by obesity or pregnancy increasing pressure on the stomach. It can result in complications such as a narrowing of the esophagus, bleeding, and difficulty swallowing. When a condition known as Barrett’s Esophagus develops (the lining of the esophagus becomes abnormal), GERD sufferers face an increased risk of cancer.

Treatment for GERD can be as simple as losing weight, avoiding food in the hours before bedtime, sleeping on an inclined bed, and avoiding fatty foods, chocolate, and peppermint. More severe cases of GERD are treated with antacid medication such as Gavison, acid blockers like Tagamet, or Proton Pump inhibitors like Nexium. In cases where acid is regurgitated into the lungs or a stricture (narrowing of the esophagus) doesn’t respond to stretching, surgery may be necessary.

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