Osteoporosis this is the thinning of the bone with bone loss due to the depletion of calcium. It is more common in older adults, especially post menopausal women and patients that have been on steroids. It can lead to fractures and deformity of the spine.

Risks factors include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, a diet low in calcium, thin small body frame, poor nutrition intake and poor absorption of nutrients (Sprue or Celiac disease), low estrogen levels or low testosterone levels, hyper or hypothyroid disease, low vitamin D levels and medications such as steroids. 

A diagnosis is made by a special scan called a Dexa Scan. On a young adult, a T scale of 0 is normal. Osteopina has a Dexa Scan of -1 to -2.5. Osteoporosis has a T scale of -2.5 or lower.

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